Janowitz, Morris

(1919-88)

An American sociologist, student at Chicago University in the mid-1940s, then Professor in a number of North American departments. He was the author of numerous books, including The Professional Soldier (1946), Sociology and the Military Establishment (1959), Social Control of the Welfare State(1976), The Last Half-Century (1978), and The Reconstruction of Patriotism (1983). Janowitz will be remembered as probably the leading sociologist of the military, and for his argument that the transition from early to advanced industrial society created forms of institutional organizations that made democracy harder to sustain, although he also researched and published significant studies on the topics of urban and political sociology, race and ethnic relations, and sociological theory generally. A useful selection of his papers-prefaced by an excellent biographical introduction-is James Burk's Morris Janowitz-On Social Organization and Social Control (1991). See also military and militarism.